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Effects of AR HMD Design Elements on Workers' Postural Stability during a Dual-Task Condition
DescriptionAugmented Reality Head-Mounted Displays (AR HMDs) offer hands-free operation and real-time access to virtual information, making them increasingly popular in industrial settings. However, how individual design elements of AR HMDs affect postural stability—a key factor in workplace safety—remains insufficiently understood. This study examined the effects of specific AR HMD elements, including weight, visor tint, and usage duration, on postural stability during quiet standing. Sixteen participants completed a dual-task combining a 2-back working memory task and a 15-minute quiet standing task under four conditions: tablet only, tablet with visor-up HMD, tablet with visor-down HMD, and AR HMD. Postural sway was assessed using six metrics based on center of pressure data: anteroposterior/mediolateral standard deviation, anteroposterior/mediolateral amplitude, total sway path length, and sway area. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of time and task condition on several postural stability measures. Notably, postural sway was higher in the visor-up HMD condition than in the tablet-only condition. Furthermore, postural sway was increased in the visor-down HMD condition compared with the visor-up HMD condition. These findings suggest that added head weight and visual disturbance due to visors impair postural stability. Reducing device weight and increasing visor transmittance may improve postural stability in industrial settings.