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Digital Health Interventions That Address the Mental Health Needs of Heart Failure Patients and Their Informal Caregivers: A Scoping Review
DescriptionIndividuals with heart failure (HF) and their informal caregivers (ICs) face elevated mental health risks. Digital health interventions (DHIs) offer promising solutions by providing remote, 24/7 support. However, existing reviews have largely overlooked DHIs tailored for HF populations. This scoping review aimed to map existing DHIs addressing HF-related mental health challenges and describe their delivery modalities and features.

A search of MEDLINE and Embase identified 856 studies; 37 met inclusion criteria. Only 8.1% specifically targeted ICs. Most interventions relied on multiple modalities, with phone calls being predominant (70.3%), raising scalability concerns. Thematic analysis identified seven DHI feature categories, with "Remote monitoring" (24.4%) and "Self-care education" (22.8%) most common, while only 8.7% provided direct psychological support.

Key findings highlighted the limited support for ICs, engagement strategies using multi-modal delivery, and a focus on transitional care. Future DHIs must prioritize scalability, equitable access, and direct psychological support for HF dyads.

These findings inform the development of Medly-SOLAR, a co-designed, app-based DHI prioritizing psychological well-being alongside physical health management, addressing critical gaps in current digital support systems for HF patients and caregivers.