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Assessing Productive and Receptive Spatial Skills in a Computerized Test Battery
DescriptionSpatial visualization skills are important in many fields, including engineering, robotics, aviation, military, medicine, and others. These skills are measured using formal assessments, including the Revised Purdue Spatial Visualization Test with Rotations (PSVT: R). These assessments have been shown to be valid and reliable for measuring spatial visualization, or the understanding of objects rotated in space, which we refer to as “receptive” spatial ability. However, the work domains involving spatial skill often go beyond visualization, including object memory, visual working memory, spatial reasoning, spatial planning, and productive spatial skills (manipulating and drawing), which may not be assessed directly with these traditional tests. To address this problem, we assembled a comprehensive spatial battery, including tests of spatial working memory, 3D rotation, move-to-target, and a novel drawing task. Two studies were conducted with first-year engineering students, and scores were compared to their PSVT: R scores. Results suggest that spatial skill is not a holistic construct and involves several distinct skills and abilities. Importantly, the PSVT: R does share some covariance with our new productive spatial Grid-Drawing assessment, but the Grid-Drawing also has distinct elements which may be important for some disciplines, indicating a need for reliable measures of productive spatial skill.