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A Preliminary Exploration to Enhance Appropriate Level of Trust in Autonomous Vehicle and Pedestrian Interaction
DescriptionThis study investigates how external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) influence pedestrian trust in autonomous vehicles (AVs) at unsignalized crosswalks. Using a virtual reality setup with 50 participants, we examined how trust is shaped by different vehicle behaviors and eHMI timing strategies. Results indicate that both the presence and timing of eHMI messages significantly affect pedestrian trust, particularly when AVs behave inconsistently with their signals. Interestingly, a delayed eHMI approach may help balance trust—promoting confidence during normal operation while reducing overtrust in failure scenarios. These insights highlight the importance of aligning eHMI communication with vehicle behavior to support safe and effective AV-pedestrian interactions. The presentation will discuss design implications, experimental setup, and unexpected findings in detail.