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Visual Cue Processing and Scanning Efficiency in Decision-Making of Expert and Novice Nurses During Rapid Patient Deterioration
DescriptionRapid and accurate clinical decision-making is essential for effective intervention during patient deterioration. This study explores the differences in visual cue processing and scanning efficiency between expert and novice nurses using eye-tracking technology during a simulated stroke scenario. 12 expert nurses and 9 nursing students were observed using Tobii Pro Glasses 2 to record eye movements as they responded to a deteriorating patient. Eye-tracking metrics such as fixation duration, time to first fixation, and area of interest (AOI) transition entropy were analyzed across critical stages of the scenario. Results revealed that expert nurses demonstrated more focused attention on clinically relevant cues (e.g., patient eyes and vital signs), while novices displayed broader, less structured visual scanning with longer delays in identifying key indicators. Expert nurses also showed lower entropy in gaze transitions, indicating more efficient and targeted visual search patterns. These findings suggest that visual attention patterns differ significantly by experience level and can reflect underlying clinical decision-making processes. Eye-tracking offers a promising, objective method for evaluating and improving cue recognition skills in nursing education, with implications for enhancing training programs to better prepare novice nurses for high-pressure clinical situations.