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What does Resilience look like in Community Retail Pharmacies?
DescriptionCommunity retail pharmacists have long reported heavy workloads and burnout, creating opportunities for medication errors which could impact medication safety., further impacting medication safety. Despite this, community pharmacies are easily accessible to many. Wisconsin has reacted to this situation by authorizing pharmacists to expand their scope of practice as Medicaid healthcare providers. To help a pharmacy system adapt to increases in workload without impacting medication safety, its resilience (i.e., change adaptation capacity) must be understood. This can be accomplished through a Safety-II analytical approach, which considers the full sociotechnical functioning of the system.

This study attempts to identify instances of resilience when providing pharmacy services using field observations conducted in six community pharmacies to gain an understanding of the work environment in which these activities occurred. Resilience was coded for these analyses to represent a pharmacy’s ability to respond to, monitor for, anticipate, and learn from medication errors. The Safety-II approach allows for an understanding of what pharmacy workflow looks like when it is successfully achieving medication safety. To our knowledge, this is the first study to develop a resilience framework for pharmacy work systems.