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A User-Centered Design of an App-Based Digital Mental Health Intervention for Heart Failure Patients and Caregivers: Adaptation of SOLAR for Medly
DescriptionHeart failure (HF) patients and their caregivers face significant mental health challenges, exacerbating clinical outcomes. Existing digital health interventions (DHIs) often fail to meet their specific needs, leading to disparities. Medly-SOLAR integrates an evidence-based mental health program (SOLAR) into Medly, a remote HF management system, to create a user-centered, equitable DHI for HF care dyads.

Using a three-phase, user-centered design approach guided by the Framework for Digital Health Equity, we conducted: (1) needs assessment through semi-structured interviews (n=8), (2) co-design workshops with clinical and subject matter experts (n=9), and (3) rapid prototyping. Thematic analysis identified anxiety, isolation, and grief as major challenges for patients, and anxiety and trauma for caregivers. Most participants (87.5%) preferred integrating SOLAR features into the existing Medly app.

Co-design activities led to tailoring SOLAR content, including patient-specific breathing techniques and caregiver-specific coping modules. Separate versions of the intervention were created for patients and caregivers. Eight major features have been redesigned, and the final prototype will be completed by April 2025.

Medly-SOLAR demonstrates a scalable model for developing equitable, user-informed DHIs to address mental health challenges in HF management, supporting more holistic care for patients and caregivers.