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A Macrocognitive Approach to System Analysis and New Technology Implementation
DescriptionThe rapid advancement of technologies is changing how we interact within sociotechnical systems. While technological advancements, such as AI and automation, can enhance safety and efficiency, understanding the ripple effects of new technology integration within sociotechnical systems is crucial. As human factors researchers and practitioners, how sociotechnical changes impact the human elements is one of our primary concerns. Our work outlines a hybrid methodology to analyze the potential human-centered impacts of integrating new technologies, such as AI or automation, into a sociotechnical system. The analysis occurs in two independent mirrored stages. The first stage examines the sociotechnical system pre-technology implementation. The second stage can be performed prospectively or retrospectively, capturing the system post-technology implementation. Each stage leverages a combination of hierarchical task analysis and a macrocognitive approach to human reliability analysis to explore the human component of the sociotechnical system. Analyses can be completed independently and provide value alone, but when both are performed, they provide a basis for comparison of the system pre- and post-technology implementation. This methodology can provide critical information for decision-makers regarding new technology implementation and help ensure new implementations are done with a safety-first mindset.