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Understanding Driving Automation Limitations: A Taxonomy Bridging System Constraints and Driver Cues
DescriptionThis study presents a taxonomy for classifying the limitations of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) based on both system characteristics and cues observable to drivers. The taxonomy includes four dimensions: source of uncertainty, operational domain, constraint mechanism, and cue type. It was developed using existing safety frameworks and applied to two real-world datasets: Tesla accident summaries and selected NHTSA incident reports. The analysis identified eight types of limitations, such as perception failures due to environmental conditions or control issues during interactions with other road users. Results show differences in limitation patterns across datasets and highlight cases that resist clear classification, such as phantom braking. By linking system limitations with driver-relevant cues, this taxonomy can support the design of driver interfaces and training materials that help users understand when the system may not perform as expected.