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Changes in Visual Strategies during Psychomotor Skill Training in Laparoscopic Surgery: A Longitudinal Eye Tracking Study
DescriptionThis study investigates the evolution of gaze behaviors during the acquisition of psychomotor skills required for laparoscopic surgery, with a focus on both how the gaze behaviors change over time and how they differ between individuals who achieve proficiency early and those who do not, using scene-dependent eye metrics. We conducted a longitudinal study where participants with no prior laparoscopic experience practiced the peg transfer task in the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) curriculum until they either met FLS proficiency criteria or completed a maximum of six one-hour training sessions. The hypothesis is that as performance improves, gaze behavior will gradually shift from focusing primarily on the object currently being manipulated (i.e., confirmatory or feedback gaze behavior) to the future target location (i.e., anticipatory or feedforward gaze behavior). Further, individuals who achieve proficiency earlier are expected to adopt this feedforward visual strategy more quickly than those requiring more training sessions or those unable to reach proficiency.