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Impacts of In-Vehicle Warning’s Reliability on Driver’s Trust, Workload and Driving Performance at Roundabouts
DescriptionAdvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can enhance road safety but may suffer from sensor detection or prediction errors. In our driving simulation experiment, a vehicle entered the roundabout improperly, producing an interaction with the ego vehicle controlled by the participant. We recruited thirty-six participants to investigate the impacts of in-vehicle ADAS warning timing uncertainty (between-subject) and warning time error (within-subject) on workload, driving performance and trust. The results show that more reliable warning timings fostered drivers’ trust over time, whereas higher timing uncertainty diminished trust as drivers were more experienced with the system. Warning uncertainty's negative impact on transportation safety was more pronounced in male drivers than females, implying males' higher dependence on the warning to coordinate attention and maneuver. For later-than-designed warnings, the negative impacts on trust and transportation safety can be increased by a larger timing error whereas earlier-than-designed warnings have insignificant impact on trust or safety.